TRUSTCO BANK CORP N Y

TRSTdata completeness 100%17 fiscal years on file
The thesis, from the filings

TRUSTCO BANK CORP N Y earns about 140% on invested capital, far above its ~9% cost of capital, and has bought back 2% of its shares over 5 years — the marks of a durable business run for its owners. The estimate methods put fair value between $33.72 and $73.97 a share.Whether it’s worth owning at today’s price is the last question — and yours to answer, below.

i. The business — what you’d actually own
FigureFY 2021FY 2022FY 2023FY 2024FY 2025
Revenue$168M1$186.6M2$226.2M3$243.3M3$259.4M3
Net income$61.5M4$75.2M5$58.6M6$48.8M6$61.1M6
Operating cash flow$55.4M7$78.6M8$64.1M9$59.4M9$57.6M9
Capital expenditure$2.84M10$3.79M11$5.67M12$4.88M12$11.9M12
Free cash flow (derived)$52.5M7$74.8M8$58.5M9$54.6M9$45.7M9
Total debt$244.7M13$122.7M14$89M15$84.8M16$120.1M16
Cash & equivalents$1.22B17$650.6M18$578M19$641.8M20$730.4M20
Diluted shares19.3M19.1M19.0M19.0M18.8M

Superscripts are receipts. Each links to the SEC filing the number came from (full list at the bottom).

ii. Your slice — ownership made literal
If you owned
shares
Net assets behind them
$365.4
your share of equity
Profit it earned you last year
$32.54
Free cash flow it threw off
$24.34
Debt you’d be carrying
$63.89

10 shares is a claim on $365.4 of net worth that earned you $32.54 and generated $24.34 of cash last year, against $63.89 of debt.

iii. Is this a good business?
Moat signal · return on invested capital
140% avg · 5y
FY21 FY22 111%FY23 64%FY24 138%FY25 248%

It earned about 140% on invested capital, year after year, against a ~9% cost of capital — the footprint of real pricing power. Competition usually drags returns like this back down; here it hasn't.

seeing a moat in the numbers →
Management signal · capital allocation
−2% shares · 5y

Share count is down 2% over 5 years — management has been buying back stock, quietly handing owners a bigger slice. Total debt has fallen 51% — deleveraging.

reading capital allocation →

Signals, not verdicts — read from the filings above. Numbers don’t prove a moat; they show its footprint. You decide.

iv. What it’s worth — engine v0.1.0

The 3 estimate methods that apply put fair value between $33.72 and $73.97 a share. They rest on different assumptions, so where they diverge is the story; the Graham Number is a stricter floor, not a target.

DCF · Growth Exit 10Y
$70.85
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears10
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$54.6M
DCF · Growth Exit 5Y
$73.97
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears5
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$54.6M
Earnings Power Value
$33.72
assumptions (8)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • normalizedEarnings$61.1M
  • growthAssumed0.0%
Graham Number
$51.69
assumptions (1)
  • grahamMultiplier2250.0%

Different models answer different questions — which to trust when →

v. The price question — last, on purpose
Is today’s price fair?
See live price ↗
Type a price. The ledger answers.
Or set your own belief
FCF growth, next 5 years0.0%
Discount rate (WACC)8.93%
Terminal growth2.5%
At your growth, a share is worth $73.97
The three cases
Bear0.0%$73.97
Base0.0%$73.97
Bull5.0%$84.01

Bear/base/bull growth = 0% / filed history / history + 5pp. Type a price to see the return each case implies.

Default growth 0.0%= this company’s own filed history (median-to-median FCF CAGR, clamped 0–20%). Your adjustments are recorded anonymously. They become the “what do owners actually believe” dataset.

Sources — the receipts
  1. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating)
  2. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating)
  3. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating)
  4. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (NetIncomeLoss)
  5. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (NetIncomeLoss)
  6. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (NetIncomeLoss)
  7. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  8. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  9. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  10. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  11. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  12. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  13. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-23-009386 (ShortTermBorrowings)
  14. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (ShortTermBorrowings)
  15. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (ShortTermBorrowings)
  16. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (ShortTermBorrowings)
  17. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001140361-23-009386 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  18. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001140361-24-012641 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  19. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001140361-25-008827 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  20. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001140361-26-009576 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)