RAYONIER INC

RYNdata completeness 88%18 fiscal years on file
The thesis, from the filings

RAYONIER INC earns about 7% on invested capital, below its ~9% cost of capital, but has diluted owners by 9% over 5 years — no moat visible in the numbers. The estimate methods put fair value between $11.33 and $16.22 a share.Whether it’s worth owning at today’s price is the last question — and yours to answer, below.

i. The business — what you’d actually own
FigureFY 2021FY 2022FY 2023FY 2024FY 2025
Revenue$1.11B1$907.8M2$787M3$986.4M3$483M3
Net income$152.6M4$107.1M5$173.5M6$359.1M6$474.4M6
Operating cash flow$325.1M7$269.2M8$298.4M9$261.6M9$256.7M9
Capital expenditure$76M10$74.8M10$95.5M11$102.5M11
Free cash flow (derived)$249.1M7$194.4M8$202.9M9$159.1M9
Total debt$1.37B12$1.51B13$1.37B14$1.04B15$1.05B15
Cash & equivalents$362.2M16$114.3M17$207.7M18$303.1M19$842.9M19
Diluted shares145.3M150.2M151.1M152.1M158.7M

Superscripts are receipts. Each links to the SEC filing the number came from (full list at the bottom).

ii. Your slice — ownership made literal
If you owned
shares
Net assets behind them
$139.23
your share of equity
Profit it earned you last year
$29.89
Free cash flow it threw off
Debt you’d be carrying
$65.86

10 shares is a claim on $139.23 of net worth that earned you $29.89 last year, against $65.86 of debt.

iii. Is this a good business?
Moat signal · return on invested capital
7% avg · 5y
FY21 9%FY22 5%FY23 7%FY24 14%FY25 3%

It earned about 7% on invested capital against a ~9% cost of capital — below the cost of funding. The numbers show no moat.

seeing a moat in the numbers →
Management signal · capital allocation
+9% shares · 5y

Share count is up 9% over 5 years — owners have been diluted. Worth asking what they got for it. Total debt has fallen 24% — deleveraging.

reading capital allocation →

Signals, not verdicts — read from the filings above. Numbers don’t prove a moat; they show its footprint. You decide.

iv. What it’s worth — engine v0.1.0

The 3 estimate methods that apply put fair value between $11.33 and $16.22 a share. They rest on different assumptions, so where they diverge is the story; the Graham Number is a stricter floor, not a target.

DCF · Growth Exit 10Y
$14.91
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears10
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$194.4M
DCF · Growth Exit 5Y
$16.22
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears5
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$194.4M
Earnings Power Value
$11.33
assumptions (8)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • normalizedEarnings$173.5M
  • growthAssumed0.0%
Graham Number
$30.81
assumptions (1)
  • grahamMultiplier2250.0%

Different models answer different questions — which to trust when →

v. The price question — last, on purpose
Is today’s price fair?
See live price ↗
Type a price. The ledger answers.
Or set your own belief
FCF growth, next 5 years0.0%
Discount rate (WACC)8.93%
Terminal growth2.5%
At your growth, a share is worth $16.22
The three cases
Bear0.0%$16.22
Base0.0%$16.22
Bull5.0%$20.46

Bear/base/bull growth = 0% / filed history / history + 5pp. Type a price to see the return each case implies.

Default growth 0.0%= this company’s own filed history (median-to-median FCF CAGR, clamped 0–20%). Your adjustments are recorded anonymously. They become the “what do owners actually believe” dataset.

Sources — the receipts
  1. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-24-000014 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  2. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  3. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-26-000036 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  4. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-24-000014 (NetIncomeLoss)
  5. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (NetIncomeLoss)
  6. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-26-000036 (NetIncomeLoss)
  7. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-24-000014 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  8. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  9. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-26-000036 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  10. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-23-000035 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  11. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets)
  12. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-23-000035 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  13. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0000052827-24-000014 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  14. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  15. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0000052827-26-000036 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  16. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0000052827-23-000035 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  17. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0000052827-24-000014 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  18. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0000052827-25-000018 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  19. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0000052827-26-000036 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)