HALLADOR ENERGY CO

HNRGdata completeness 100%16 fiscal years on file
The thesis, from the filings

HALLADOR ENERGY CO earns about -10% on invested capital, below its ~9% cost of capital, but has diluted owners by 42% over 5 years — no moat visible in the numbers. The estimate methods put fair value between $2.49 and $4.32 a share.Whether it’s worth owning at today’s price is the last question — and yours to answer, below.

i. The business — what you’d actually own
FigureFY 2021FY 2022FY 2023FY 2024FY 2025
Revenue$243.9M1$362M2$634.9M3$404.2M4$469.5M4
Net income−$3.75M5$18.1M6$44.8M7−$226.1M8$41.9M8
Operating cash flow$48M9$54.2M10$59.4M11$65.9M12$81.1M12
Capital expenditure$28.1M13$54M14$75.4M15$53.4M16$69.2M16
Free cash flow (derived)$19.9M9$149,00010−$15.9M11$12.6M12$11.9M12
Total debt$215.5M17$165.5M18$175.8M19$83M20$59.4M20
Cash & equivalents$2.55M21$3.01M22$2.84M23$7.23M24$10.1M24
Diluted shares30.6M33.6M36.8M39.5M43.4M

Superscripts are receipts. Each links to the SEC filing the number came from (full list at the bottom).

ii. Your slice — ownership made literal
If you owned
shares
Net assets behind them
$36.8
your share of equity
Profit it earned you last year
$9.64
Free cash flow it threw off
$2.74
Debt you’d be carrying
$13.67

10 shares is a claim on $36.8 of net worth that earned you $9.64 and generated $2.74 of cash last year, against $13.67 of debt.

iii. Is this a good business?
Moat signal · return on invested capital
-10% avg · 5y
FY21 1%FY22 7%FY23 13%FY24 -97%FY25 28%

It earned about -10% on invested capital against a ~9% cost of capital — below the cost of funding. The numbers show no moat.

seeing a moat in the numbers →
Management signal · capital allocation
+42% shares · 5y

Share count is up 42% over 5 years — owners have been diluted. Worth asking what they got for it. Total debt has fallen 72% — deleveraging.

reading capital allocation →

Signals, not verdicts — read from the filings above. Numbers don’t prove a moat; they show its footprint. You decide.

iv. What it’s worth — engine v0.1.0

The 3 estimate methods that apply put fair value between $2.49 and $4.32 a share. They rest on different assumptions, so where they diverge is the story; the Graham Number is a stricter floor, not a target.

DCF · Growth Exit 10Y
$2.49
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears10
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$11.9M
DCF · Growth Exit 5Y
$2.79
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears5
  • fcfGrowth0.0%
  • fcfBase$11.9M
Earnings Power Value
$4.32
assumptions (8)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • normalizedEarnings$18.1M
  • growthAssumed0.0%
Graham Number
$8.92
assumptions (1)
  • grahamMultiplier2250.0%

Different models answer different questions — which to trust when →

v. The price question — last, on purpose
Is today’s price fair?
See live price ↗
Type a price. The ledger answers.
Or set your own belief
FCF growth, next 5 years0.0%
Discount rate (WACC)8.93%
Terminal growth2.5%
At your growth, a share is worth $2.79
The three cases
Bear0.0%$2.79
Base0.0%$2.79
Bull5.0%$3.74

Bear/base/bull growth = 0% / filed history / history + 5pp. Type a price to see the return each case implies.

Default growth 0.0%= this company’s own filed history (median-to-median FCF CAGR, clamped 0–20%). Your adjustments are recorded anonymously. They become the “what do owners actually believe” dataset.

Sources — the receipts
  1. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-22-007411 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  2. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (Revenues)
  3. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (Revenues)
  4. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (Revenues)
  5. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-23-006932 (NetIncomeLoss)
  6. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (NetIncomeLoss)
  7. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (NetIncomeLoss)
  8. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (NetIncomeLoss)
  9. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-23-006932 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  10. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  11. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  12. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  13. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-23-006932 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  14. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  15. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  16. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  17. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-23-006932 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  18. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  19. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  20. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (LongTermDebtNoncurrent)
  21. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001437749-23-006932 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  22. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001437749-24-007870 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  23. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001558370-25-003141 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  24. 10-K · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001104659-26-027174 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)