GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC.

GDYNdata completeness 88%8 fiscal years on file

Data notes: no data for concept 'totalDebt'

The thesis, from the filings

GRID DYNAMICS HOLDINGS, INC. earns about -2% on invested capital, below its ~9% cost of capital, but has diluted owners by 48% over 5 years — no moat visible in the numbers. The estimate methods put fair value between $13.42 and $21.28 a share.Whether it’s worth owning at today’s price is the last question — and yours to answer, below.

i. The business — what you’d actually own
FigureFY 2021FY 2022FY 2023FY 2024FY 2025
Revenue$211.3M1$310.5M2$312.9M3$350.6M3$411.8M3
Net income−$7.7M4−$29.2M5−$1.77M6$4.04M6$9.67M6
Operating cash flow$18M7$31.7M8$41.1M9$30.2M9$40.6M9
Capital expenditure$4.72M10$6.07M11$7.87M12$11.8M12$15.3M12
Free cash flow (derived)$13.3M7$25.6M8$33.2M9$18.4M9$25.3M9
Total debt
Cash & equivalents$144.4M13$256.7M14$257.2M15$334.7M15$342.1M15
Diluted shares58.7M69.2M75.2M80.0M86.9M

Superscripts are receipts. Each links to the SEC filing the number came from (full list at the bottom).

ii. Your slice — ownership made literal
If you owned
shares
Net assets behind them
$62.38
your share of equity
Profit it earned you last year
$1.11
Free cash flow it threw off
$2.91
Debt you’d be carrying

10 shares is a claim on $62.38 of net worth that earned you $1.11 and generated $2.91 of cash last year.

iii. Is this a good business?
Moat signal · return on invested capital
-2% avg · 5y
FY21 -2%FY22 -15%FY23 2%FY24 3%FY25 5%

It earned about -2% on invested capital against a ~9% cost of capital — below the cost of funding. The numbers show no moat.

seeing a moat in the numbers →
Management signal · capital allocation
+48% shares · 5y

Share count is up 48% over 5 years — owners have been diluted. Worth asking what they got for it.

reading capital allocation →

Signals, not verdicts — read from the filings above. Numbers don’t prove a moat; they show its footprint. You decide.

iv. What it’s worth — engine v0.1.0

The 2 estimate methods that apply put fair value between $13.42 and $21.28 a share. They rest on different assumptions, so where they diverge is the story; the Graham Number is a stricter floor, not a target.

DCF · Growth Exit 10Y
$21.28
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears10
  • fcfGrowth20.0%
  • fcfBase$25.3M
DCF · Growth Exit 5Y
$13.42
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears5
  • fcfGrowth20.0%
  • fcfBase$25.3M
Earnings Power Value
not applicable
normalized (5y-median) earnings non-positive — EPV undefined
Graham Number
$3.93
assumptions (1)
  • grahamMultiplier2250.0%

Different models answer different questions — which to trust when →

v. The price question — last, on purpose
Is today’s price fair?
See live price ↗
Type a price. The ledger answers.
Or set your own belief
FCF growth, next 5 years20.0%
Discount rate (WACC)8.93%
Terminal growth2.5%
At your growth, a share is worth $13.42
The three cases
Bear0.0%$8.09
Base20.0%$13.42
Bull20.0%$13.42

Bear/base/bull growth = 0% / filed history / history + 5pp. Type a price to see the return each case implies.

Default growth 20.0%= this company’s own filed history (median-to-median FCF CAGR, clamped 0–20%). Your adjustments are recorded anonymously. They become the “what do owners actually believe” dataset.

Sources — the receipts
  1. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001628280-24-007971 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  2. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001628280-25-008723 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  3. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001743725-26-000007 (RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax)
  4. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001628280-24-007971 (NetIncomeLoss)
  5. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001628280-25-008723 (NetIncomeLoss)
  6. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001743725-26-000007 (NetIncomeLoss)
  7. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001628280-24-007971 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  8. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001628280-25-008723 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  9. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001743725-26-000007 (NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities)
  10. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001628280-24-007971 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  11. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001628280-25-008723 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  12. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001743725-26-000007 (PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment)
  13. 10-K · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001628280-23-005637 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  14. 10-K · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001628280-25-008723 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)
  15. 10-K · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001743725-26-000007 (CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue)