AEGON LTD.

AEGdata completeness 88%11 fiscal years on file
The thesis, from the filings

AEGON LTD. earns about 2% on invested capital, below its ~9% cost of capital, and has bought back 24% of its shares over 5 years — no moat visible in the numbers. The estimate methods put fair value between $4.59 and $9.3 a share.Whether it’s worth owning at today’s price is the last question — and yours to answer, below.

i. The business — what you’d actually own
FigureFY 2021FY 2022FY 2023FY 2024FY 2025
Revenue$21.1B1$21.3B1
Net income$1.98B2−$570M3−$179M4$688M4$977M4
Operating cash flow−$1.8B5$2.67B6$864M7$762M7$434M7
Capital expenditure$76M8$72M9$65M10$51M10$41M10
Free cash flow (derived)−$1.87B5$2.6B6$799M7$711M7$393M7
Total debt$9.66B11$4.05B12$2.36B13$3.01B14$1.98B14
Cash & equivalents$6.89B15$8.49B16$4.07B16$3.47B16$2.73B16
Diluted shares2.04B2.01B1.88B1.63B1.55B

Superscripts are receipts. Each links to the SEC filing the number came from (full list at the bottom).

ii. Your slice — ownership made literal
If you owned
shares
Net assets behind them
$60.59
your share of equity
Profit it earned you last year
$6.29
Free cash flow it threw off
$2.53
Debt you’d be carrying
$12.76

10 shares is a claim on $60.59 of net worth that earned you $6.29 and generated $2.53 of cash last year, against $12.76 of debt.

iii. Is this a good business?
Moat signal · return on invested capital
2% avg · 5y
FY21 -6%FY22 0%FY23 -3%FY24 8%FY25 12%

It earned about 2% on invested capital against a ~9% cost of capital — below the cost of funding. The numbers show no moat.

seeing a moat in the numbers →
Management signal · capital allocation
−24% shares · 5y

Share count is down 24% over 5 years — management has been buying back stock, quietly handing owners a bigger slice. Total debt has fallen 79% — deleveraging.

reading capital allocation →

Signals, not verdicts — read from the filings above. Numbers don’t prove a moat; they show its footprint. You decide.

iv. What it’s worth — engine v0.1.0

The 3 estimate methods that apply put fair value between $4.59 and $9.3 a share. They rest on different assumptions, so where they diverge is the story.

DCF · Growth Exit 10Y
€9.3
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears10
  • fcfGrowth5.0%
  • fcfBase€711M
DCF · Growth Exit 5Y
€8.61
assumptions (10)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • terminalGrowth2.5%
  • projectionYears5
  • fcfGrowth5.0%
  • fcfBase€711M
Earnings Power Value
€4.59
assumptions (8)
  • riskFreeRate4.7%
  • equityRiskPremium5.0%
  • beta100.0%
  • equityWeight85.0%
  • costOfDebtSpread1.5%
  • taxRate21.0%
  • normalizedEarnings€688M
  • growthAssumed0.0%
Graham Number
not applicable
diluted EPS missing or non-positive — Graham Number undefined

Different models answer different questions — which to trust when →

v. The price question — last, on purpose
Is today’s price fair?
See live price ↗
Type a price. The ledger answers.
Or set your own belief
FCF growth, next 5 years5.0%
Discount rate (WACC)8.93%
Terminal growth2.5%
At your growth, a share is worth $8.61
The three cases
Bear0.0%$7.02
Base5.0%$8.61
Bull10.0%$10.5

Bear/base/bull growth = 0% / filed history / history + 5pp. Type a price to see the return each case implies.

Default growth 5.0%= this company’s own filed history (median-to-median FCF CAGR, clamped 0–20%). Your adjustments are recorded anonymously. They become the “what do owners actually believe” dataset.

Sources — the receipts
  1. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-23-076544 (Revenue)
  2. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-23-076544 (ProfitLossAttributableToOwnersOfParent)
  3. 20-F · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001193125-25-064638 (ProfitLossAttributableToOwnersOfParent)
  4. 20-F · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001193125-26-124987 (ProfitLossAttributableToOwnersOfParent)
  5. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-24-086614 (CashFlowsFromUsedInOperatingActivities)
  6. 20-F · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001193125-25-064638 (CashFlowsFromUsedInOperatingActivities)
  7. 20-F · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001193125-26-124987 (CashFlowsFromUsedInOperatingActivities)
  8. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-24-086614 (PurchaseOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentClassifiedAsInvestingActivities)
  9. 20-F · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001193125-25-064638 (PurchaseOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentClassifiedAsInvestingActivities)
  10. 20-F · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001193125-26-124987 (PurchaseOfPropertyPlantAndEquipmentClassifiedAsInvestingActivities)
  11. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-23-076544 (Borrowings)
  12. 20-F · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001193125-24-086614 (Borrowings)
  13. 20-F · period ending 2023-12-31 · accession 0001193125-25-064638 (Borrowings)
  14. 20-F · period ending 2024-12-31 · accession 0001193125-26-124987 (Borrowings)
  15. 20-F · period ending 2021-12-31 · accession 0001193125-24-086614 (CashAndCashEquivalents)
  16. 20-F · period ending 2022-12-31 · accession 0001193125-26-124987 (CashAndCashEquivalents)